# MOF guides: templates > One-page guides to metal–organic frameworks: solvothermal, room-temperature and modulated synthesis, fast, green and scalable routes and how crystals form, activation and shaping, thin films and membranes, MOF glasses, MOF-derived materials and composites, reticular design and topology, isoreticular expansion, interpenetration and multivariate MOFs, flexibility and defects, post-synthetic modification, water stability and conductive MOFs, and the characterization methods. Every panel is a live generator; every caption and number is quoted from the cited papers. URL: https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides 10 templates. All templates: https://www.labcanvas.com/templates - [MOF synthesis: solvothermal, room temperature, modulated](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/mof-synthesis-solvothermal-room-temperature-modulated) ([Markdown](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/mof-synthesis-solvothermal-room-temperature-modulated.md)): The classic routes to metal–organic frameworks on one page: solvothermal MOF-5 in a Teflon-lined vessel, UiO-66 step by step, hydrothermal HKUST-1 from molecules to the framework, ZIF-8 mixed at room temperature in methanol, how the Hmim/Zn ratio sets its crystals, and modulators that compete with the linker. Every step and number is quoted from the cited papers. - [Fast, green and scalable MOF synthesis](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/fast-green-scalable-mof-synthesis) ([Markdown](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/fast-green-scalable-mof-synthesis.md)): Rapid and scalable routes to metal–organic frameworks on one page: oven, ultrasound and microwave times compared, ZIF-8 by ball milling with a liquid and a salt, ZIF-8 by solvent-free twin-screw extrusion, HKUST-1 by anodic dissolution of copper, nanoMOF spheres by spray drying, and how a crystal forms from building units. Every step and number is quoted from the cited papers. - [Activating and shaping MOFs](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/activating-shaping-mofs) ([Markdown](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/activating-shaping-mofs.md)): MOF activation and shaping on one page: solvent exchange followed by heating under vacuum, the three ways to empty the pores (vacuum, supercritical CO₂, freeze-drying), pore collapse as the solvent leaves, and the shaped forms (pellets, extrudates, granules, sol–gel and 3D-printed monoliths), what lies inside them and a dense sol–gel monolith. Every step and number is quoted from the cited papers. - [MOF thin films and membranes](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/mof-thin-films-membranes) ([Markdown](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/mof-thin-films-membranes.md)): MOF films and membranes on one page: layer-by-layer growth of SURMOFs on a self-assembled monolayer, vapour-phase conversion of ZnO into ZIF-8, the six ways to make a film (with Langmuir–Blodgett and patterning), the kinds of membrane (supported, mixed-matrix, nanosheet, hollow-fibre), seeded growth of a ZIF-8 membrane and molecular sieving of propylene from propane. Every step and number is quoted from the cited papers. - [MOF glasses, MOF-derived materials and composites](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/mof-glasses-mof-derived-materials-composites) ([Markdown](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/mof-glasses-mof-derived-materials-composites.md)): What MOFs become on one page: ZIF-62 melted under argon and quenched into a glass, the network of the crystal, the liquid and the glass, a crystal–glass composite of MIL-53 in ZIF-62, ZIF-8 carbonised in a tube furnace, the routes from MOFs to carbons, metal nanoparticles, single atoms and oxides, and MOF composites with nanoparticles, fibres and graphene. Every step and number is quoted from the cited papers. - [Reticular design: building units, linkers and nets](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/reticular-design-building-units-linkers-nets) ([Markdown](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/reticular-design-building-units-linkers-nets.md)): Reticular design of metal–organic frameworks on one page: MOF-5 from Zn₄O units and BDC on the pcu net, HKUST-1 deconstructed into the tbo net, UiO-66 on fcu, the library of inorganic SBUs and organic linkers by their points of extension, and the RCSR nets of well-known MOFs. Every statement and number is quoted from the cited papers. - [Isoreticular expansion, interpenetration, MTV MOFs](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/isoreticular-expansion-interpenetration-mtv-mofs) ([Markdown](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/isoreticular-expansion-interpenetration-mtv-mofs.md)): Isoreticular design on one page: the IRMOF series from MOF-5 to IRMOF-16, IRMOF-74-I to -XI with apertures up to 98 Å, HKUST-1 and MOF-399 on the tbo net, interpenetrated IRMOF-9 against IRMOF-10, ways to prevent or use interpenetration, and multivariate MOF-5 with several functional groups on one backbone. Every statement and number is quoted from the cited papers. - [Flexible and defective MOFs](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/flexible-defective-mofs) ([Markdown](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/flexible-defective-mofs.md)): MOF flexibility and defects on one page: MIL-53 breathing between large and narrow pores with water, the imidazolate linker swing that opens ZIF-8, the sudden pore contraction of DUT-49 that pushes methane out, missing-linker and missing-cluster defects in UiO-66, correlated missing clusters in reo nano-regions, and what caps the freed sites. Every statement and number is quoted from the cited papers. - [Post-synthetic modification, stability, conductivity](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/post-synthetic-modification-stability-conductivity) ([Markdown](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/post-synthetic-modification-stability-conductivity.md)): Changing and keeping MOFs on one page: the five kinds of post-synthetic modification (covalent, dative, linker exchange, metal-ion exchange, metalation by ALD), how water hydrolyses a metal–linker bond, hard–soft pairing of metal and linker, the strategies that make MOFs water-stable, the conductive honeycomb Ni₃(HITP)₂ and the routes charge takes through a MOF. Every statement and number is quoted from the cited papers. - [Characterizing MOFs: pores, structure, defects and uptake](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/characterizing-mofs-pores-structure-defects-uptake) ([Markdown](https://www.labcanvas.com/templates/mof-guides/characterizing-mofs-pores-structure-defects-uptake.md)): MOF characterization set-ups on one page: a volumetric gas sorption analyser with its degassing and free-space steps, 3D electron diffraction of a nanocrystal at a low dose, digestion ¹H NMR to count linkers and capping groups, a single crystal in a gas cell for in situ diffraction, a breakthrough rig for dry and humid gas mixtures, and gravimetric water sorption. The set-ups and numbers are quoted from the cited papers; no panel is measured data.