Scientific models and illustrations you can edit

145 3D models you can turn right here, and 730 2D illustrations, all drawn by LabCanvas generators. Open any of them in the app and change every detail. Coming from BioRender? See how the two compare.

3D models

Click a model to turn it in 3D. Each one is a generator in the 3D Studio, with sliders for its shape, size and detail, and ray-traced renders for your figures.

Catalysis

2D illustrations

Vector objects for the figure editor: every membrane, ligand and lattice is a setting.

Lab glassware

Beaker: Griffin (low form) or Berzelius (tall form) beaker, ISO 3819 sizes, with graduations

BeakerEdit

Tall-form beaker: Griffin (low form) or Berzelius (tall form) beaker, ISO 3819 sizes, with graduations

Tall-form beakerEdit

Erlenmeyer flask: Conical flask (ISO 1773): narrow, wide or ground-joint neck, graduations, stopper

Erlenmeyer flaskEdit

Round-bottom flask: Boiling flask with one, two or three ground-glass necks (angled or parallel side necks)

Round-bottom flaskEdit

Two-neck flask: Boiling flask with one, two or three ground-glass necks (angled or parallel side necks)

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Instruments

Analytical balance: Analytical balance with glass draft shield and a reading (g); glassware stands on the pan

Analytical balanceEdit

pH meter: Benchtop pH meter with electrode arm and glass electrode (dip it into a beaker)

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AI-driven labs

Robot armEdit

Liquid-handling robotEdit

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Biology

Animal cell, cut open (3D): An animal cell in 3D with a corner, wedge or half cut away: the nucleus (opened to show the nucleolus and chromatin, its envelope with pores), rough and smooth ER, Golgi, mitochondria with cristae, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vesicles, centrioles and the cytoskeleton; every organelle, colour and label can be changed

Animal cell, cut open (3D)Edit

Animal cell with a wedge cut out (3D): An animal cell in 3D with a corner, wedge or half cut away: the nucleus (opened to show the nucleolus and chromatin, its envelope with pores), rough and smooth ER, Golgi, mitochondria with cristae, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vesicles, centrioles and the cytoskeleton; every organelle, colour and label can be changed

Animal cell with a wedge cut out (3D)Edit

Animal cell cut in half (3D): An animal cell in 3D with a corner, wedge or half cut away: the nucleus (opened to show the nucleolus and chromatin, its envelope with pores), rough and smooth ER, Golgi, mitochondria with cristae, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vesicles, centrioles and the cytoskeleton; every organelle, colour and label can be changed

Animal cell cut in half (3D)Edit

Cell membrane with receptors and channels (3D): A patch of plasma membrane in 3D: the phospholipid bilayer in section with cholesterol, an ion channel, a GPCR with its ligand and G protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase dimer, the Na⁺/K⁺ pump, glycoproteins, a glycolipid, a peripheral protein and actin; every part, colour and label can be changed

Cell membrane with receptors and channels (3D)Edit

Nanoparticle uptake and drug release (3D): How a nanoparticle enters a cell and releases its drug, step by step, in 3D: receptor binding, a clathrin-coated pit (or caveola, or macropinocytosis), the vesicle and its dynamin collar, early endosome (pH ≈ 6.0–6.5), late endosome (pH ≈ 5.5), lysosome (pH ≈ 4.5–5.0) or endosomal escape, and the drug reaching its target; polymer, liposome, gold or mRNA lipid nanoparticles; numbered steps you can rewrite

Nanoparticle uptake and drug release (3D)Edit

mRNA lipid nanoparticle: uptake and endosomal escape (3D): How a nanoparticle enters a cell and releases its drug, step by step, in 3D: receptor binding, a clathrin-coated pit (or caveola, or macropinocytosis), the vesicle and its dynamin collar, early endosome (pH ≈ 6.0–6.5), late endosome (pH ≈ 5.5), lysosome (pH ≈ 4.5–5.0) or endosomal escape, and the drug reaching its target; polymer, liposome, gold or mRNA lipid nanoparticles; numbered steps you can rewrite

mRNA lipid nanoparticle: uptake and endosomal escape (3D)Edit

Liposome taken up by caveolae (3D): How a nanoparticle enters a cell and releases its drug, step by step, in 3D: receptor binding, a clathrin-coated pit (or caveola, or macropinocytosis), the vesicle and its dynamin collar, early endosome (pH ≈ 6.0–6.5), late endosome (pH ≈ 5.5), lysosome (pH ≈ 4.5–5.0) or endosomal escape, and the drug reaching its target; polymer, liposome, gold or mRNA lipid nanoparticles; numbered steps you can rewrite

Liposome taken up by caveolae (3D)Edit

Nanoparticle taken up by macropinocytosis (3D): How a nanoparticle enters a cell and releases its drug, step by step, in 3D: receptor binding, a clathrin-coated pit (or caveola, or macropinocytosis), the vesicle and its dynamin collar, early endosome (pH ≈ 6.0–6.5), late endosome (pH ≈ 5.5), lysosome (pH ≈ 4.5–5.0) or endosomal escape, and the drug reaching its target; polymer, liposome, gold or mRNA lipid nanoparticles; numbered steps you can rewrite

Nanoparticle taken up by macropinocytosis (3D)Edit

Tumour with leaky blood vessels: EPR effect (3D): The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in 3D: a block of tissue cut open along a blood vessel, normal tissue (tight endothelium, pericytes, a draining lymphatic) beside a tumour whose leaky vessel lets nanoparticles out through gaps between its endothelial cells (pore cutoff ≈ 0.2–1.2 µm in tumour models) and whose collapsed lymphatics keep them in; red blood cells, numbered notes and labels you can rewrite

Tumour with leaky blood vessels: EPR effect (3D)Edit

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Bio & nano

Nanoparticle: Gold or polymer particle with a ligand corona

Mesoporous silicaEdit

Liposome: Lipid bilayer vesicle with cargo, PEG and targeting ligands

LiposomeEdit

Lipid nanoparticle: Lipid bilayer vesicle with cargo, PEG and targeting ligands

Lipid nanoparticleEdit

Micelle: Surfactants with heads out and tails in, optional drug core

MicelleEdit

Cell: Animal cell: membrane, nucleus, organelles, protrusions

CellEdit

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Materials

Graphene (perspective)Edit

Crystal: Crystal structure in 3D: cubic, NaCl, diamond, perovskite, hcp…

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Devices

Solar cell: Layer stack of a solar cell (perovskite, silicon, organic, tandem), exploded or compact

Solar cellEdit

Transistor (FET): Field-effect transistor with a 2D-material channel, source, drain and gate

Transistor (FET)Edit

Battery: Lithium-ion cell cross-section: electrodes, separator, ions and circuit

BatteryEdit

Microfluidic chip: Chip with channels: droplet T-junction, flow focusing, serpentine mixer or gradient

Microfluidic chipEdit

Supercapacitor: A supercapacitor in 3D, as a pouch or coin cell: assembled, cut open or exploded, symmetric, asymmetric or hybrid, with a close-up of the double layer or the electrode reaction

SupercapacitorEdit

Supercapacitor coin cell, cut open: A supercapacitor in 3D, as a pouch or coin cell: assembled, cut open or exploded, symmetric, asymmetric or hybrid, with a close-up of the double layer or the electrode reaction

Supercapacitor coin cell, cut openEdit

Asymmetric supercapacitor (MnO₂ // carbon): A supercapacitor in 3D, as a pouch or coin cell: assembled, cut open or exploded, symmetric, asymmetric or hybrid, with a close-up of the double layer or the electrode reaction

Asymmetric supercapacitor (MnO₂ // carbon)Edit

Lithium-ion capacitor: A supercapacitor in 3D, as a pouch or coin cell: assembled, cut open or exploded, symmetric, asymmetric or hybrid, with a close-up of the double layer or the electrode reaction

Lithium-ion capacitorEdit

Micro-supercapacitor: Interdigitated micro-supercapacitor on a flexible film: MXene, graphene or laser-induced graphene fingers, gold collectors, gel electrolyte; bent, exploded or cut across the fingers

Micro-supercapacitorEdit

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Effects

Fire: Flame plumes: combustion, heating, exothermic reactions

Arc between electrodesEdit

Particles: Dots in patterns: ions, molecules, sparks, scatter, aerosols

Graphene & 2D materials

Graphene sheet: Single graphene layer in 3D: honeycomb lattice on a flat or wrinkled sheet, zigzag or armchair edges, vacancies, pores and dopants

Graphene sheetEdit

Graphene flake: Single graphene layer in 3D: honeycomb lattice on a flat or wrinkled sheet, zigzag or armchair edges, vacancies, pores and dopants

Graphene flakeEdit

Graphene (ball and stick): Single graphene layer in 3D: honeycomb lattice on a flat or wrinkled sheet, zigzag or armchair edges, vacancies, pores and dopants

Graphene (ball and stick)Edit

Doped graphene (N, S, Fe): Single graphene layer in 3D: honeycomb lattice on a flat or wrinkled sheet, zigzag or armchair edges, vacancies, pores and dopants

Doped graphene (N, S, Fe)Edit

Porous graphene: Single graphene layer in 3D: honeycomb lattice on a flat or wrinkled sheet, zigzag or armchair edges, vacancies, pores and dopants

Porous grapheneEdit

Doped carbon nanosheet: Single graphene layer in 3D: honeycomb lattice on a flat or wrinkled sheet, zigzag or armchair edges, vacancies, pores and dopants

Doped carbon nanosheetEdit

Graphene oxide: Graphene oxide sheet (Lerf–Klinowski model): epoxide and hydroxyl groups on both faces, carboxyls at the edges; lower the oxidation and add pores for reduced GO

Graphene oxideEdit

Reduced graphene oxide: Graphene oxide sheet (Lerf–Klinowski model): epoxide and hydroxyl groups on both faces, carboxyls at the edges; lower the oxidation and add pores for reduced GO

Reduced graphene oxideEdit

Graphite stack: Stacked graphene layers in 3D: graphite, expanded or intercalated graphite, graphite oxide, or layers peeling off (exfoliation)

Graphite stackEdit

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Nanomaterials

Nanoparticle (3D): A nanoparticle in 3D: gold, silver, magnetite, silica… with a capping layer, ligands, a surfactant bilayer, surface charges or a shell (core–shell)

Nanoparticle (3D)Edit

Gold NP, citrate-capped: A nanoparticle in 3D: gold, silver, magnetite, silica… with a capping layer, ligands, a surfactant bilayer, surface charges or a shell (core–shell)

Gold NP, citrate-cappedEdit

Silver NP, phytochemical capping: A nanoparticle in 3D: gold, silver, magnetite, silica… with a capping layer, ligands, a surfactant bilayer, surface charges or a shell (core–shell)

Silver NP, phytochemical cappingEdit

CTAB-capped gold seed: A nanoparticle in 3D: gold, silver, magnetite, silica… with a capping layer, ligands, a surfactant bilayer, surface charges or a shell (core–shell)

CTAB-capped gold seedEdit

Magnetite NP (Fe₃O₄): A nanoparticle in 3D: gold, silver, magnetite, silica… with a capping layer, ligands, a surfactant bilayer, surface charges or a shell (core–shell)

Magnetite NP (Fe₃O₄)Edit

Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell: A nanoparticle in 3D: gold, silver, magnetite, silica… with a capping layer, ligands, a surfactant bilayer, surface charges or a shell (core–shell)

Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shellEdit

Silica sphere (Stöber): A nanoparticle in 3D: gold, silver, magnetite, silica… with a capping layer, ligands, a surfactant bilayer, surface charges or a shell (core–shell)

Silica sphere (Stöber)Edit

Gold NP (atomistic): A nanoparticle in 3D: gold, silver, magnetite, silica… with a capping layer, ligands, a surfactant bilayer, surface charges or a shell (core–shell)

Gold NP (atomistic)Edit

Nanoparticle colloid: Many nanoparticles at different depths: count, size, polydispersity, dispersed or aggregated, with ions or atoms between them (nucleation)

Nanoparticle colloidEdit

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Polymers & soft matter

Polymer chain architectures (3D): Polymer chains in 3D, monomer by monomer: linear, branched, star, comb, bottlebrush, dendrimer, ring and hyperbranched; monomer order homopolymer, random, alternating, block (AB, ABA, ABC, multiblock), gradient or graft, one colour per monomer; random coil, extended chain, globule or helix; beads, beads on sticks or smooth tubes; radius of gyration and end-to-end vector measured on the drawn chain; galleries of all architectures, orders and shapes; editable labels

Polymer chain architectures (3D)Edit

Polymer architectures: linear to hyperbranched (3D): Polymer chains in 3D, monomer by monomer: linear, branched, star, comb, bottlebrush, dendrimer, ring and hyperbranched; monomer order homopolymer, random, alternating, block (AB, ABA, ABC, multiblock), gradient or graft, one colour per monomer; random coil, extended chain, globule or helix; beads, beads on sticks or smooth tubes; radius of gyration and end-to-end vector measured on the drawn chain; galleries of all architectures, orders and shapes; editable labels

Polymer architectures: linear to hyperbranched (3D)Edit

Copolymer sequences: random, alternating, block, gradient, graft: Polymer chains in 3D, monomer by monomer: linear, branched, star, comb, bottlebrush, dendrimer, ring and hyperbranched; monomer order homopolymer, random, alternating, block (AB, ABA, ABC, multiblock), gradient or graft, one colour per monomer; random coil, extended chain, globule or helix; beads, beads on sticks or smooth tubes; radius of gyration and end-to-end vector measured on the drawn chain; galleries of all architectures, orders and shapes; editable labels

Copolymer sequences: random, alternating, block, gradient, graftEdit

Chain conformations: coil, globule, extended, helix (3D): Polymer chains in 3D, monomer by monomer: linear, branched, star, comb, bottlebrush, dendrimer, ring and hyperbranched; monomer order homopolymer, random, alternating, block (AB, ABA, ABC, multiblock), gradient or graft, one colour per monomer; random coil, extended chain, globule or helix; beads, beads on sticks or smooth tubes; radius of gyration and end-to-end vector measured on the drawn chain; galleries of all architectures, orders and shapes; editable labels

Chain conformations: coil, globule, extended, helix (3D)Edit

Branched polymer with long-chain branches (3D): Polymer chains in 3D, monomer by monomer: linear, branched, star, comb, bottlebrush, dendrimer, ring and hyperbranched; monomer order homopolymer, random, alternating, block (AB, ABA, ABC, multiblock), gradient or graft, one colour per monomer; random coil, extended chain, globule or helix; beads, beads on sticks or smooth tubes; radius of gyration and end-to-end vector measured on the drawn chain; galleries of all architectures, orders and shapes; editable labels

Branched polymer with long-chain branches (3D)Edit

Star polymer (3D): Polymer chains in 3D, monomer by monomer: linear, branched, star, comb, bottlebrush, dendrimer, ring and hyperbranched; monomer order homopolymer, random, alternating, block (AB, ABA, ABC, multiblock), gradient or graft, one colour per monomer; random coil, extended chain, globule or helix; beads, beads on sticks or smooth tubes; radius of gyration and end-to-end vector measured on the drawn chain; galleries of all architectures, orders and shapes; editable labels

Star polymer (3D)Edit

Miktoarm star copolymer (3D): Polymer chains in 3D, monomer by monomer: linear, branched, star, comb, bottlebrush, dendrimer, ring and hyperbranched; monomer order homopolymer, random, alternating, block (AB, ABA, ABC, multiblock), gradient or graft, one colour per monomer; random coil, extended chain, globule or helix; beads, beads on sticks or smooth tubes; radius of gyration and end-to-end vector measured on the drawn chain; galleries of all architectures, orders and shapes; editable labels

Miktoarm star copolymer (3D)Edit

Comb polymer (3D): Polymer chains in 3D, monomer by monomer: linear, branched, star, comb, bottlebrush, dendrimer, ring and hyperbranched; monomer order homopolymer, random, alternating, block (AB, ABA, ABC, multiblock), gradient or graft, one colour per monomer; random coil, extended chain, globule or helix; beads, beads on sticks or smooth tubes; radius of gyration and end-to-end vector measured on the drawn chain; galleries of all architectures, orders and shapes; editable labels

Comb polymer (3D)Edit

Bottlebrush polymer (3D): Polymer chains in 3D, monomer by monomer: linear, branched, star, comb, bottlebrush, dendrimer, ring and hyperbranched; monomer order homopolymer, random, alternating, block (AB, ABA, ABC, multiblock), gradient or graft, one colour per monomer; random coil, extended chain, globule or helix; beads, beads on sticks or smooth tubes; radius of gyration and end-to-end vector measured on the drawn chain; galleries of all architectures, orders and shapes; editable labels

Bottlebrush polymer (3D)Edit

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Porous materials & membranes

$Porous solids (3D): A cube cut out of a porous material in 3D: closed-cell foam, open-cell foam (Kelvin struts), random bicontinuous sponge, ordered mesoporous silica (hexagonal channels, MCM-41, SBA-15), inverse opal, hierarchical macro- and mesopores, aerogel particle network or packed bed; pore fraction, pores across, irregularity; six side by side; IUPAC pore classes; editable labels$

Porous solids (3D)Edit

$Porous solids: six kinds side by side: A cube cut out of a porous material in 3D: closed-cell foam, open-cell foam (Kelvin struts), random bicontinuous sponge, ordered mesoporous silica (hexagonal channels, MCM-41, SBA-15), inverse opal, hierarchical macro- and mesopores, aerogel particle network or packed bed; pore fraction, pores across, irregularity; six side by side; IUPAC pore classes; editable labels$

Porous solids: six kinds side by sideEdit

$Open-cell foam (3D): A cube cut out of a porous material in 3D: closed-cell foam, open-cell foam (Kelvin struts), random bicontinuous sponge, ordered mesoporous silica (hexagonal channels, MCM-41, SBA-15), inverse opal, hierarchical macro- and mesopores, aerogel particle network or packed bed; pore fraction, pores across, irregularity; six side by side; IUPAC pore classes; editable labels$

Open-cell foam (3D)Edit

$Bicontinuous porous sponge (3D): A cube cut out of a porous material in 3D: closed-cell foam, open-cell foam (Kelvin struts), random bicontinuous sponge, ordered mesoporous silica (hexagonal channels, MCM-41, SBA-15), inverse opal, hierarchical macro- and mesopores, aerogel particle network or packed bed; pore fraction, pores across, irregularity; six side by side; IUPAC pore classes; editable labels$

Bicontinuous porous sponge (3D)Edit

$Ordered mesoporous silica, hexagonal channels (3D): A cube cut out of a porous material in 3D: closed-cell foam, open-cell foam (Kelvin struts), random bicontinuous sponge, ordered mesoporous silica (hexagonal channels, MCM-41, SBA-15), inverse opal, hierarchical macro- and mesopores, aerogel particle network or packed bed; pore fraction, pores across, irregularity; six side by side; IUPAC pore classes; editable labels$

Ordered mesoporous silica, hexagonal channels (3D)Edit

$Inverse opal (3D): A cube cut out of a porous material in 3D: closed-cell foam, open-cell foam (Kelvin struts), random bicontinuous sponge, ordered mesoporous silica (hexagonal channels, MCM-41, SBA-15), inverse opal, hierarchical macro- and mesopores, aerogel particle network or packed bed; pore fraction, pores across, irregularity; six side by side; IUPAC pore classes; editable labels$

Inverse opal (3D)Edit

$Hierarchical porous solid: macro- and mesopores (3D): A cube cut out of a porous material in 3D: closed-cell foam, open-cell foam (Kelvin struts), random bicontinuous sponge, ordered mesoporous silica (hexagonal channels, MCM-41, SBA-15), inverse opal, hierarchical macro- and mesopores, aerogel particle network or packed bed; pore fraction, pores across, irregularity; six side by side; IUPAC pore classes; editable labels$

Hierarchical porous solid: macro- and mesopores (3D)Edit

$Aerogel particle network (3D): A cube cut out of a porous material in 3D: closed-cell foam, open-cell foam (Kelvin struts), random bicontinuous sponge, ordered mesoporous silica (hexagonal channels, MCM-41, SBA-15), inverse opal, hierarchical macro- and mesopores, aerogel particle network or packed bed; pore fraction, pores across, irregularity; six side by side; IUPAC pore classes; editable labels$

Aerogel particle network (3D)Edit

$Packed bed of particles (3D): A cube cut out of a porous material in 3D: closed-cell foam, open-cell foam (Kelvin struts), random bicontinuous sponge, ordered mesoporous silica (hexagonal channels, MCM-41, SBA-15), inverse opal, hierarchical macro- and mesopores, aerogel particle network or packed bed; pore fraction, pores across, irregularity; six side by side; IUPAC pore classes; editable labels$

Packed bed of particles (3D)Edit

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Composite materials

$Composite microstructure (3D): Fibre composites in 3D: a cut block of unidirectional composite with hexagonal, square or random fibre packing (fibre ends on one face, fibres lengthwise on the others), a carbon/glass hybrid, short fibres random or aligned, particle-reinforced, one fibre with its interphase, and the rule-of-mixtures chart (E₁, E₂ against fibre fraction); carbon, glass, aramid, basalt or flax fibres; editable labels$

Composite microstructure (3D)Edit

$Unidirectional composite, hexagonal packing (3D): Fibre composites in 3D: a cut block of unidirectional composite with hexagonal, square or random fibre packing (fibre ends on one face, fibres lengthwise on the others), a carbon/glass hybrid, short fibres random or aligned, particle-reinforced, one fibre with its interphase, and the rule-of-mixtures chart (E₁, E₂ against fibre fraction); carbon, glass, aramid, basalt or flax fibres; editable labels$

Unidirectional composite, hexagonal packing (3D)Edit

$Unidirectional composite, square packing (3D): Fibre composites in 3D: a cut block of unidirectional composite with hexagonal, square or random fibre packing (fibre ends on one face, fibres lengthwise on the others), a carbon/glass hybrid, short fibres random or aligned, particle-reinforced, one fibre with its interphase, and the rule-of-mixtures chart (E₁, E₂ against fibre fraction); carbon, glass, aramid, basalt or flax fibres; editable labels$

Unidirectional composite, square packing (3D)Edit

$Glass-fibre composite, GFRP (3D): Fibre composites in 3D: a cut block of unidirectional composite with hexagonal, square or random fibre packing (fibre ends on one face, fibres lengthwise on the others), a carbon/glass hybrid, short fibres random or aligned, particle-reinforced, one fibre with its interphase, and the rule-of-mixtures chart (E₁, E₂ against fibre fraction); carbon, glass, aramid, basalt or flax fibres; editable labels$

Glass-fibre composite, GFRP (3D)Edit

$Aramid-fibre composite (3D): Fibre composites in 3D: a cut block of unidirectional composite with hexagonal, square or random fibre packing (fibre ends on one face, fibres lengthwise on the others), a carbon/glass hybrid, short fibres random or aligned, particle-reinforced, one fibre with its interphase, and the rule-of-mixtures chart (E₁, E₂ against fibre fraction); carbon, glass, aramid, basalt or flax fibres; editable labels$

Aramid-fibre composite (3D)Edit

$Natural-fibre (flax) composite (3D): Fibre composites in 3D: a cut block of unidirectional composite with hexagonal, square or random fibre packing (fibre ends on one face, fibres lengthwise on the others), a carbon/glass hybrid, short fibres random or aligned, particle-reinforced, one fibre with its interphase, and the rule-of-mixtures chart (E₁, E₂ against fibre fraction); carbon, glass, aramid, basalt or flax fibres; editable labels$

Natural-fibre (flax) composite (3D)Edit

$Hybrid carbon/glass composite (3D): Fibre composites in 3D: a cut block of unidirectional composite with hexagonal, square or random fibre packing (fibre ends on one face, fibres lengthwise on the others), a carbon/glass hybrid, short fibres random or aligned, particle-reinforced, one fibre with its interphase, and the rule-of-mixtures chart (E₁, E₂ against fibre fraction); carbon, glass, aramid, basalt or flax fibres; editable labels$

Hybrid carbon/glass composite (3D)Edit

$Short-fibre composite, random (3D): Fibre composites in 3D: a cut block of unidirectional composite with hexagonal, square or random fibre packing (fibre ends on one face, fibres lengthwise on the others), a carbon/glass hybrid, short fibres random or aligned, particle-reinforced, one fibre with its interphase, and the rule-of-mixtures chart (E₁, E₂ against fibre fraction); carbon, glass, aramid, basalt or flax fibres; editable labels$

Short-fibre composite, random (3D)Edit

$Short-fibre composite, aligned (3D): Fibre composites in 3D: a cut block of unidirectional composite with hexagonal, square or random fibre packing (fibre ends on one face, fibres lengthwise on the others), a carbon/glass hybrid, short fibres random or aligned, particle-reinforced, one fibre with its interphase, and the rule-of-mixtures chart (E₁, E₂ against fibre fraction); carbon, glass, aramid, basalt or flax fibres; editable labels$